You would think something really awful has happened in the Moussaoui penalty trial. The judge, Loenie Brinkema is saying terrible things about how the government is handling the case:
"I don't think in the annals of criminal law there has ever been a case
with this many significant problems," Brinkema said after Tuesday's
hearing uncovered even more government misconduct.
The defense counsel are agreeing (of course) that this attempt to "shape the testimony" of witnesses deprives Moussaoui of a fair trial. And even the government prosecutors are admitting that what happened was "horrendously wrong."
Everyone is pointing the finger at Carla Martin, an attorney who works at TSA and who is apparently "helping" with the government's case. Ms. Martin's sin, apparently, was that she "coached" witnesses by providing them with copies of some trial transcripts, and told them about some potential problems with the government's case. According to the NYT, the Judge said that this attempt to "coach[] seven witnesses on how to testify and respond during
cross-examination" was "the most striking example of witness
tampering by a lawyer she had experienced in her years on the bench."
This, we are told, is a horrible mistake that any experienced lawyer would know not to make:
"It's pretty basic," said Peter Margulies, a visiting law professor at
St. John's Law School in Queens. "Lawyers know you've got to sequester
witnesses."
ABC News tells us (without a cite and attribution) that Ms. Martin's conduct was a violation of the Federal Rules of Evidence:
Federal rules of evidence prohibit witnesses from exposure to trial
testimony because of the possibility they will alter their testimony
based on what they learn.
In fact, according to the NYT, even law students know you aren't supposed to "coach" witnesses.
All of this leads me to say that there are a lot of people taking about this case that have never tried a case, or talked to anyone who ever had.
In the real world, "coaching" a witness is what happens when an attorney advises a witness how to answer a pending question. And "tampering" with a witness usually involves offering some inducement to get him to say what you want. But when a trial lawyer talks to a witness before he hits the stand, it isn't called "coaching" or "tampering", rather it is called "preparing the witness".
Legitimate preparation of a witness can get pretty extensive; you can remind the witness of his prior testimony or documents he has written or seen, tell him what other witnesses have had to say about the subject of his testimony, and run the witness through a practice direct examination. You can suggest questions the witness is likely to get on cross examination, and even run a practice cross to see how he holds up. All this is not only okay, but it is fairly routine. It isn't "witness tampering", it doesn't violate any rules or constitutional rights, and it happens in virtually every single trial--civil or criminal--that takes place in the Federal courts (at least every trial conducted by competent attorneys).
So if Ms. Martin and the government didn't violate any of Mr. Moussaoui's constitutional rights or the Federal Rules of Evidence, what is the problem? The problem is that Judge Brinkema issued an order that "barred the witnesses from receiving the testimony of other witnesses or receiving any news accounts of the trial." Now, there was nothing in the Constitution requiring an order like this, and in my humble opinion this order is broader than what you usually see (although the Federal Rules do require that witnesses be excluded from the Courtroom when one side or the other asks for it). But the government lawyers violated Judge Brinkema's order, and federal judges are generally unhappy when their orders aren't obeyed.
Now, I'm not saying that Ms. Martin was right to disobey the Court's order (it seems she didn't remember it being issued, which is probably true). But we shouldn't make more of this than is taking place; which is that the government violated one of the trial judge's orders, and now the trial judge is annoyed at them. The defense is pressing its advantage, and the government lawyers are rolling around on the floor and covering themselves with dust (a good practice when a judge is pissed at you for violating one of her orders).
Now, is Judge Brinkema maybe over-reacting a little bit to the violation of one of her orders? Frankly (and I now fore-swear any cases in the Eastern District of Virginia) it sounds like it. The judge's comments that this is the most error ridden trial "in the annals of criminal law" is a bit over the top. And given that (1) the prosecutors were the ones who called this to the Court's attention when they found out what Ms. Martin had done (here is their letter to the judge with the attached e-mails) and (2) all the TSA witnesses pretty much testified that they ignored what Ms. Martin was telling them, it really sounds to me like that the judge could have found some way to deal with her hurt feelings other than cutting the heart out of the government's case. And the fact that the good judge advised Ms. Martin of her Miranda rights shows that she might not be entirely sensible, given that Ms. Martin isn't even in custody.
Oh well, it looks like Moussaoui will be living on the government nickle for the next 40 years or so, and that you and I will be footing the bill.